Mi a probléma?
Hogyan járul hozzá a problémához az antibiotikumok felhasználása?
Miért kell antibiotikumok megfontolt (prudens) alkalmazását népszerűsíteni?
Hogyan segítsük az antibiotikumok megfontolt (prudens) alkalmazását?
1. European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System . RIVM. 2009
[cited March 30, 2010].
2. Safdar N, Maki DG. The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial
colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,
enterococcus, gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida. Ann Intern
Med. 2002 Jun 4;136(11):834-44.
3. Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, Cataldo MA, Mantengoli E, Spanu T,
Pan A, et al. Antibiotic usage and risk of colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant
bacteria: a hospital population-based study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009
Oct;53(10):4264-9.
4. Davey P, Brown E, Fenelon L, Finch R, Gould I, Hartman G, et al.
Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(4):CD003543.
5. Bartlett JG, Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Kasper DL. Clindamycin-associated
colitis due to a toxin-producing species of Clostridium in hamsters. J Infect
Dis. 1977 Nov;136(5):701-5.
6. Cosgrove SE, Carmeli Y. The impact of antimicrobial resistance
on health and economic outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 1;36(11):1433-7.
7. Roberts RR, Hota B, Ahmad I, Scott RD, 2nd, Foster SD, Abbasi F,
et al. Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a
Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship. Clin Infect
Dis. 2009 Oct 15;49(8):1175-84.
8. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimicrobial
treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically
ill patients. Chest. 1999 Feb;115(2):462-74.
9. Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The influence
of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes
in the ICU setting. Chest. 2000 Jul;118(1):146-55.
10. Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, Rybak MJ. Outcomes analysis
of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 1;36(11):1418-23.
11. Alvarez-Lerma F. Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in
patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. ICU-Acquired Pneumonia
Study Group. Intensive Care Med. 1996 May;22(5):387-94.
12. ECDC, EMEA. ECDC/EMEA Joint Technical Report: The bacterial challenge:
time to react
2009.
13. Ansari F, Erntell M, Goossens H, Davey P. The European surveillance
of antimicrobial consumption (ESAC) point-prevalence survey of antibacterial use
in 20 European hospitals in 2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Nov 15;49(10):1496-504.
14. Willemsen I, Groenhuijzen A, Bogaers D, Stuurman A, van Keulen P,
Kluytmans J. Appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy measured by repeated prevalence
surveys. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Mar;51(3):864-7.
15. Singh N, Yu VL. Rational empiric antibiotic prescription in the
ICU. Chest. 2000 May;117(5):1496-9.
16. Lesch CA, Itokazu GS, Danziger LH, Weinstein RA. Multi-hospital
analysis of antimicrobial usage and resistance trends. Diagn Microbiol Infect
Dis. 2001 Nov;41(3):149-54.
17. Lepper PM, Grusa E, Reichl H, Hogel J, Trautmann M. Consumption
of imipenem correlates with beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Sep;46(9):2920-5.
18. Gyssens IC, van den Broek PJ, Kullberg BJ, Hekster Y, van der Meer
JW. Optimizing antimicrobial therapy. A method for antimicrobial drug use evaluation.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1992 Nov;30(5):724-7.
19. Carling P, Fung T, Killion A, Terrin N, Barza M. Favorable impact
of a multidisciplinary antibiotic management program conducted during 7 years.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003 Sep;24(9):699-706.
20. Bradley SJ, Wilson AL, Allen MC, Sher HA, Goldstone AH, Scott GM.
The control of hyperendemic glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp. on a haematology
unit by changing antibiotic usage. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999 Feb;43(2):261-6.
21. De Man P, Verhoeven BAN, Verbrugh HA, Vos MC, Van Den Anker JN.
An antibiotic policy to prevent emergence of resistant bacilli. Lancet. 2000;355(9208):973-8.
22. Fowler S, Webber A, Cooper BS, Phimister A, Price K, Carter Y, et
al. Successful use of feedback to improve antibiotic prescribing and reduce Clostridium
difficile infection: a controlled interrupted time series. J Antimicrob Chemother.
2007 May;59(5):990-5.
23. Byl B, Clevenbergh P, Jacobs F, Struelens MJ, Zech F, Kentos A,
et al. Impact of infectious diseases specialists and microbiological data on the
appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy for bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 1999
Jul;29(1):60-6; discussion 7-8.
24. Beardsley JR, Williamson JC, Johnson JW, Ohl CA, Karchmer TB, Bowton
DL. Using local microbiologic data to develop institution-specific guidelines
for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2006 Sep;130(3):787-93.
25. Steinberg JP, Braun BI, Hellinger WC, Kusek L, Bozikis MR, Bush
AJ, et al. Timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infections:
results from the Trial to Reduce Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Errors. Ann Surg. 2009
Jul;250(1):10-6.
26.Harbarth S, Samore MH, Lichtenberg D, Carmeli Y. Prolonged antibiotic
prophylaxis after cardiovascular surgery and its effect on surgical site infections
and antimicrobial resistance. Circulation. 2000 Jun 27;101(25):2916-21.
27. Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, Chevret S, Thomas F, Wermert D, et
al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated
pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. Jama. 2003 Nov 19;290(19):2588-98.
28. Ibrahim EH, Ward S, Sherman G, Schaiff R, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH.
Experience with a clinical guideline for the treatment of ventilator-associated
pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jun;29(6):1109-15.
29. Rello J, Gallego M, Mariscal D, Sonora R, Valles J. The value of
routine microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir
Crit Care Med. 1997 Jul;156(1):196-200.